Hemp Batteries - Possible alternative to Graphene and Lithium?

 LEFT: Schematic illustration of the potential mechanisms of action of graphene nanopores (GNPs). When graphene nanopores reach the exterior membrane of a cell, they interact with the plasma membrane or extra-cellular matrix and enter the cell, mainly through diffusion, endocytosis and/or binding to receptors. The potential toxic effects of graphene mainly depend on its physicochemical characteristics, the nature of its interaction with cells and its accumulation in specific organs. Upon interaction with light, graphene can generate reactive oxygen species, which in turn can cause oxidative stress, loss in cell functionality, pro-inflammatory responses and mitochondrial damage. Uptake of graphene into the nucleus may cause DNA-strand breaks and induction of gene expression via the activation of transcription factors, cell death and genotoxicity.